Back to Project List
Project #4211

Lead(IV) Oxide Formation and Stability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

$203,976
Completed
Principal Investigator
Daniel
Giammar
Research Manager
Traci L Case
Contractor
Washington University in St. Louis
Lead & Copper
Water Quality
Distribution System Management
Phosphorus
Final Report

Abstract

This project examined the dynamic processes that form lead oxide solids in drinking water distribution systems and that control their subsequent stability and dissolution. The project also examined the mechanisms through which lead oxide dissolves and the potential for orthophosphate and low levels of free chlorine to mitigate lead release. Published in 2012.