Investigation of Treatment Alternatives for Short-Chain PFASs

This project developed a guidance manual to aid water treatment professionals in selecting the most cost-effective and sustainable treatment options for short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) removal. The guidance manual considers the effects of background water matrices and the uncertainties regarding scale-up from bench-scale performance data to field-scale design. In addition, a decision support tool was created to aid water professionals in selecting (1) effective treatment options for short-chain PFAS removal in their unique water matrices and (2) appropriate bench-scale tests to compare sorbents, resins, or membranes. Published in 2025.