Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Sensors for Early Warning Systems in Wastewater Utilities Phase 1: Research Report

This research compiled information needed to develop clearly defined and broadly accepted criteria for installing and measuring the effectiveness of Early Warning Systems (EWS) sensors in wastewater systems. This included the identification of CBR sensors, contaminants of concern, monitoring systems, and upset modalities. The research included a literature survey, vendor interviews and presentations, a web-based survey of wastewater utilities, and a state-of-the-art EWS review for the drinking water sector and its applicability to wastewater. The report includes the proceedings of the WERF Sensor Workshop (04CTS9SW) which identified the research gaps in wastewater sensor research leading to this research. Published by WERF. 220 pages. Online PDF available only at www.waterisac.org. (2009)

Originally funded as WERF project 04-CTS-9S.